Labor movement

Work developments is a term that alludes to a gathering of working individuals who have met up in order to battle for better working terms from their managers. Work developments began as right on time as the eighteenth century and they were confronted with a great deal of obstruction from both the legislature and different organizations who were against the thought. A few people share encounters and offer similar interests and accordingly they will in general come against different s whose interests are unique in relation to theirs. This prompts individuals with similar thoughts coming and together and battling for their own government assistance subsequently prompting the making of work developments. Development of work developments even in the good 'ol days was confronted with a few difficulties. The significant obstacle to these developments is their absence of capacity to haggle appropriately for the laborers. When a specialists association has been framed its primary obligation is to haggle for better terms for its individuals however this isn't typically a simple undertaking. In America, there’s a procedure through which a laborers association can haggle with bosses for better terms and it’s known as ‘collective bargaining’. For an association to be perceived by the business it must be a chosen one or the business may remember it deliberately. This demonstration requires the business to deal in what is known as ‘good confidence ‘and this unmistakably ends up being out of line and not inviting to the worker's guilds since the business isn't feeling the squeeze to consent to the laborers requests yet the understanding arrived at must likewise be positive for him.The terms of this procedure are not additionally neighborly to laborers as it gives that all specialists including even the individuals who are not individuals from the association must deal through this association and at no time can the business haggle with singular representatives. At whatever point dealings are occurring and the two gatherings need to go to an understanding, it’s generally a bad dream for the employees’ agents. This is the situation for the most part when there should be a composed understanding between the representatives and the businesses in light of the fact that the businesses deal with no dedication or eagerness to arrive at an understanding . The businesses take part in a find the stowaway game with the trade guilds .In many cases they drop gatherings with the workers associations and at times, they may consent to minor proposition or recommendations that are of little significance to the representatives while offering contemplations to others that are of little significance to the patrons . Another obstruction to the work development is the refusal by bosses to offer counterproposals to the recommendations of the associations and they now and again think of new ones exactly when it seems like the two gatherings are arriving at an understanding likewise at times they reclaim on certain plans that had just been settled upon. These kinds of postponements are just planned to disappoint the endeavors of the associations and in the long run compel them to abandon their requests. The work laws in numerous nations don't give satisfactory limitations or measures to stop these activities by the businesses which can be supposed to be untrustworthy and in dishonesty. The worker's organizations a few times become discouraged because of weight they get from the representatives who are continually viewing it to haggle with the businesses for their benefit. A genuine model is where the association goes to court just for the decision to take too long to even think about passing the judgment and the businesses exploits this by accusing the reluctance or the absence of responsibility from the association. During these postponements and different preventions to the employee’s equity, a portion of the patrons may stop, become ill, or even kick the bucket and this lone serves to debilitate the association. The law is fundamentally to fault for all the burdens and issues confronting laborers associations in numerous pieces of the world. This shortcoming can be found in situations where the court decides for the workers in light of the fact that the business isn't requested top compensation any money related fines however is simply to return to the arranging table with the representatives. For the most part, larger part of the cases that are sent by representatives to the courts are decided for the businesses and this disheartens new individuals from the joining the association and all that the association gets from such cases is simply acknowledgment. The development of trade guilds during the nineteenth century The development of associations during this time took an alternate course based on what was recently known. Prior to this time, just gifted workers or laborers were permitted to join associations consequently bolting their partners who were not talented out of any specialists association that could voice their complaints. Before this time as well, a large portion of the worker's organizations were made up explicit ethnic gatherings and they additionally permitted female representatives to join the association dissimilar to in the past where females were bolted out of any associations. The old strategies of applying aggressor like strategies in order to voice complaints were discarded and the new age of worker's organizations grasped the new methodology of utilizing exchanges as a device in battling for their privileges. This didn’t work for since a long time ago soon a while later, there rose the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) which didn’t like the methodology utilized already and it supported activities like mass activities and strikes to advance the laborers complaints. This new association didn’t separate anybody and it was comprised of laborers (talented and non gifted) and it additionally didn’t segregate individuals on either race or sexual orientation. This new association battled for the right to speak freely for laborers which were not permitted there previously. Later a short time later, there rose NLRA which came into a concurrence with the administration. The understanding saw the two gatherings concur that, representatives were to advance their gripes through associations as opposed to taking direct activities. In 1950s worker's organizations turned out to be all the more impressive and had the option to haggle with enormous organizations through few association authorities and the individuals were told later after the last subtleties of the understanding had been reached. The laborers halted from mass activities and grasped this new thought. Anyway, the association could call strikes whenever the businesses demonstrated reluctance to hear them out. Since this association united practically all laborers, the businesses had next to zero specialists to supplant the individuals who were protesting thus they couldn’t break it. Presently, things have changed for the businesses. This change can be ascribed to slack work markets and uncalled for lawful arrangements. Numerous cutting edge organizations don't energize trade guilds and don't fear activities like strikes since they consider them to be chances to recruit substitutions. The progression in innovation has additionally assumed a job in falling of worker's organizations since machines have taken employments that were recently done by individuals. The best apparatus that the trade guilds have been left with is dealings. For good outcomes to be understood, the association needs to build up solidarity among its individuals and set up a report that diagrams its objectives, and a schedule for the moves it intends to make. These are basic incase the association is locked in by a likely manager over a work contract. Current work laws, in contrast to the antiquated ones, separate among required and tolerant subjects of dealing. In conclusion, when the details of the agreement between the worker's guild and the business have been  â finalized, the two gatherings consents to an aggregate bartering arrangement which fills in as the law all through the length of the agreement. References 1. David Green and Lawrence Cromwell (1984) Mutual Aid or Welfare State. Australia's Friendly Societies. 2. Beverly Silver: (2003) Forces of Labor. Specialist's Movements and Globalization since 1870, Cambridge University Press. 3. St. James Press (2003) .Encyclopedia of Labor History Worldwide. St. James Press 4.   John Hinshaw and Paul LeBlanc (2003) U.S. work in the twentieth century: concentrates in Average workers battles and rebellion. Amherst, NY Humanity Books

Running Head: Multinational Corporation

General engines is a worldwide organization that was started in 1908 by William Durant.â It has since the time stretched out its administrations to a few outside nations including Mexico. It is the world’s biggest known organization for assembling of car (Cray and Chrome 1980).Its exceptional business exercises in Mexico are among others, arrangement of top notch Products so as to stay serious in the worldwide economy.â The pioneers inGeneral Motors have additionally designed field-tested strategies that empower them to diminish the expenses of the Intensive building, prototyping just as tooling exercises they works in Mexico(http://www.gm.com) The General engines supervisory group has set up a net working system for recruiting new representatives to encourage assembling and showcasing of beneficiary automobiles.â The enterprise has likewise extended an activity known as kick off in Mexico whose fundamental objectives are to instill the individuals who have been rece ntly recruited into the corporations’ culture and to give them a possibility of meeting workers in different pieces of the company in order to get presented to the corporations’ business pioneers (Cray and Chrome, 1980).â This guarantees smooth running of the business exercises since high representative connection is built up and maintained.General engines procedure on the host nation, Mexico, has some relative points of interest. Contrasted with the US, work costs in Mexico are a lot of lower and in this manner General Motors Corporation has a decent potential for success in Mexico instead of US since it economically get its parts creation. Simultaneously General Motors Corporation in Mexico doesn't experience solid rivalry for aptitudes and innovation from many vehicle organizations than it could experience in the US (Maurice, 1995).This is very much clarified by the way that US is accepted to pick up those employments that require high abilities and innovation as it exchanges with Mexico.â This shows the vast majority of the researchers and designers who have the necessary aptitudes and innovation secure occupations in the General engines company (Lance and Ian 1998). Since it is a well paying and set up pay contrasted with some other car organization in the country.The natural issues that won during the on set of the General Motors Corporation in Mexico, for example, increasing expenses of social insurance just as annuity costs truly influenced fast development of the organization. General engines in any case, have taken a shot at these issues through working widely with the Workers Union on ways for cutting down the healthâ care costs for the laborers their families just as the retirees (http:delphi.com/about/social/)Although General Motors Corporation in Mexico was settled, it likewise confronted firm and serious weight structure the other vehicle companies.â This could prompt lower deals than anticipated by the administration and by and large monetary strain to the organization. Notwithstanding, General Motors Company have left on development from that point forward and it has extended PC just as electronic substance on their vehicles (Lorean and John, 1980).â It has additionally stretched out its enrollment to cover most mechanically propelled nations like China, Europe and India subsequently securing high gifted researchers and engineers.There is likewise the issue of globalization that altogether has profited the General Motors Corporation.â It has been a lot simpler for the organization to gain admittance to the innovation that is being created the world over (Jagdish, 2004). In Defense of Globalization.Oxford University Press.â The various researchers and specialists enlisted by the General Motors from assorted societies impact the way of life of the host nation, Mexico. The firm rivalry acquired by globalization has additionally made it hard for the Mexico-based car organizations to contend in the market particularly the little organizations (Frederick, 1947)Resolving these issues has genuine monetary duty and long haul costs particularly when the high gifted researchers and architects interest for better salaries.The Acme engines should set up solid rules whereupon its laborers are recruited or utilized in order to improve and keep up flexibly of great cars to its customers. The laborers ought to have the option to lead careful research and be mechanically imaginative in order to empower Acme engines contend adequately in the worldwide market.References.Cray, E. and Chrome C. (1980). General Motors and Its Time. New York: McGraw-Hill.Cray, E. and Chrome C. (1980).A History of General Motors. New York: Smithmark De Lorean and John Z. (1980).On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors. London: Sidgwick and Jackson.David M. (2003).What the Market Does to People: Privatization, Globalization, and Poverty.â Clarity Press.Frederick H. (1947). Examples of Union-Management Relatio ns: United Automobile Workers (CIO), General Motors.Science Research Associates.Jagdish B. (2004). In Defense of Globalization.Oxford. College Press.Maurice E. (1995).Electronic Technology, Corporate Strategy, and World Transformation.Quorum Books.Lance D. and Ian M. (1998).Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology.â â Routledge.Retrieved on 24th 2008, from http://www.gm.comRetrieved on 24th January 2008Retrieved on 24th January 2008, from http://delphi.com/about/social/

Coping With Being Bullied for Your Values

Coping With Being Bullied for Your Values Stress Management Job Stress Workplace Bullying Print Coping With Being Bullied for Your Values By Sherri Gordon facebook twitter Sherri Gordon is a published author and a bullying prevention expert. Learn about our editorial policy Sherri Gordon Updated on July 28, 2019 istockphoto More in Stress Management Job Stress Workplace Bullying Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Imagine what the world would be like if everyone was in agreement. It would be pretty peaceful, right? While at first agreeing on everything might seem like the ideal solution to today’s firestorm of difficulties, it also could get pretty boring. The world needs diversity, different opinions, and different people. In fact, it is a good thing when people have their own thoughts, opinions, and values. This fact can lead to new ideas, fresh perspectives, and productive discussions. Differences of opinion only become an issue when people are unable to respect another person’s beliefs and values. For some people, it’s all too easy to get so wrapped up in their own beliefs that common courtesy and respect are ditched at the first hint of disagreement. And in some cases, the result can become so harsh and cruel that the discussions no longer qualify as disagreements. Instead, they morph into bullying complete with name-calling, emotional abuse, threats and sometimes even physical violence. Most of the time when people are bullied for their beliefs, opinions, thoughts or values, this falls into prejudice-based bullying. Aside from being intolerant of another person’s opinions and beliefs, these bullies also might attack someone  for her religious beliefs and political opinions. Typically, prejudice-based bullying is motivated by fear and a lack of understanding. As a result, if you want to fight this type of bullying you need to alleviate those fears and help foster understanding. Most of the time, this begins with education. Once people understand why the differences exist, they are more likely to be respectful and tolerant in response. If you are being targeted for your beliefs, whether they are simple opinions, political views or in a support of a particular cause like animal rights, abuse prevention or climate control, there are ways to deal with this type of  bullying in a calm and effective manner. Here are some things you can do to cope with being bullied for your beliefs and values. Understand Why They Are Bullying You Bullying is always wrong and never acceptable. However, when you are dealing with someone who is bullying you for your beliefs, it helps to know what is motivating them. Having some understanding of the bully helps to take the focus off what he is saying to you and instead puts the focus back on him. Are they bullying you because they are afraid you expect them to be exactly like you? Do they engage in bullying because they do not understand the cause you are supporting and need more information? Or, are they bullying you simply because they lack empathy and enjoy trolling or flaming you? Once you can grasp the motivation behind the bullying, you will know how to deal with it. For instance, you can provide more information to someone who lacks understanding about your beliefs but if the person is a troll, it is best to ignore or report them. Communicate That You Do Not Expect Them to Change While it would be wonderful if everyone supported the same causes, this simply is not feasible. If the person bullying you is a co-worker, family member or someone you regularly interact with, it might be helpful to remind him that just because you support a particular cause  does not mean you expect them to follow. People are less likely to get defensive or mean if they do not feel pressured, judged, or threatened in some way. Be sure that you are just as respectful of their opinions and beliefs as you want them to be. Expect Respect From Others While you cannot expect everyone to change or conform to your way of thinking, you also should not conform or hide who you are because they do not agree. Expecting others to be respectful is not asking too much. Healthy friends, family members, and co-workers should accept your values and beliefs even if they disagree. They should never make fun of you or what you think, ever. If they are unable to be respectful, be sure you stand up to their bullying. You also can reduce or eliminate your interactions with them if they are unable to treat you well. There is no room in your life for toxic people or fake friends. Continue to Be Authentic Be proud of who you are and do not let anyone attempt to define you with their insults and bullying. What you believe in is not stupid or pointless. You have a right to your opinions, values, and beliefs just like anyone else. Remember, there will always be someone who disagrees with you. There are many people out there who enjoy debating, arguing, and sometimes even bullying. But that does not mean that your beliefs are invalid. Unless your beliefs are harmful to others, you are not doing anything wrong. Get Help When You Need It Unfortunately, there are times when disagreements go too far. If you are in a situation that makes you feel uncomfortable or if you feel unsafe or threatened in some way, it is important to either report the bullying or gets others involved who can help you or protect you.  Do not be afraid to ask for help. Sometimes bullies can be so determined to gain control over you or force you to change that they will go too far to make it happen. Never put yourself in danger to support your cause. Make your personal safety a top priority. Join or Form a Group Having the extra support of being in a group that shares your values and your goals can be invaluable.  The extra support and validation you feel from being around others who agree with you can offset the negative impact of bullying. Join or start a club, participate in meet-ups, find online forums, or follow others with similar views on social media. The support, friendships, and discussions will not only have a positive impact but also will build your self-esteem and confidence.

Hate Speech And Hate Speech - 967 Words

Hate Speech: No Exceptions for Malicious Intentions As a constitutional right, people often exercise their right to freedom of speech believing that they also have the right to voice their opinions which can be provocative to opposing parties no matter where they stand. There is a defining line between what can be constituted as hate speech and free speech. Depending on the way that it is expressed, voicing an opinion can easily be misinterpreted causing certain people to feel threatened or attacked, then leading to dangerous physical outbursts. The right to exercise one’s own opinion that can challenge or provoke others should be deterred or at least limited if safety of all parties, even those not directly involved, cannot be guaranteed.†¦show more content†¦Phelps in regards to the Westboro Baptist Church rally outside of a fallen soldiers funeral, it is to a great extent inappropriate for the followers of the church to have gathered in such close proximity to the funeral with the signs they were holding with messag es like, â€Å"Thank God for Dead Soldiers† and â€Å"Thank God for 9/11†. It is understandable that the church wanted to voice their opposition against â€Å"the United States†¦ tolerance of homosexuality, particularly within the military† but at a funeral for someone who fought for the country where people are grieving should not have been permitted (Roberts et al. â€Å"Facts and Case†). Chief Justice Roberts et al. , in â€Å"Facts and Case Summary - Snyder v. Phelps†, mentions that the church did alert public authorities of what their plans were, where they would be, and did in fact, â€Å"comply with all police instructions†. There are a variety of different locations where military gather that the church could have chosen to gather around but having picketed outside of a funeral lacks the courtesy to the family of the soldier and to the soldier himself having given his life to serving our country. Any free speech that might be deemed as hate speech should not be protected around funerals, churches, memorial grounds, or locations and events of that sort due to its blatant disrespect which will cause those who are not participating in speaking their opinion to feel provoked or disrespected, possibly leading thatShow MoreRelatedHate Speech769 Words   |  4 PagesHate Speech, Should it be Regulated? Hate speech, what is it? The definition of hate speech, according to Mari J. Matsuda, author of Assaultive Speech and Academic Freedom, is Â…(a word of group of words) of which is to wound and degrade by asserting the inherent inferiority of a group (151). In my own words hate speech is a humiliation and demeaning slur of words specifically used to disgrace a person for their race, religion, or sexual habits. There is now a controversy if hate speech shouldRead MoreFree Speech And Hate Speech1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween hate and free speech is, and what the first amendment does to control them both. The first amendment states that congress shall make no law that abridges the freedom of speech. But to what extent should language be protected? The rights of one man should reach until they shadow over another’s. Meaning free speech is protected until it violates the rights of another. Hate speech is the line where free speech becomes unconstitutional. The contrast bet ween free speech and hate speech is a heavilyRead MoreAnalysis Of Hate Speech1729 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper is a comparative analysis of hate speech laws between Japan and the United States. I will analyze hate rhetoric stemming from the years 1980-to present day. Today s political climate has generated a rebirth of hate speech in both countries. Hate speech is a concern for those who believe in the right to free speech and expression. I will outline the historical background that expands on the usage of technology that incites hateful rhetoric towards targeted groups residing within theseRead MoreThe Freedom Of Speech : Hate Speech1187 Words   |  5 PagesAn Introduction to the Marketplace of Ideas Freedom of speech, along with the freedom of the press, have both become the two most important rights for each American citizen to defend. The First Amendment defends five of the following freedoms: the freedom of religion, the freedom of assembly, the freedom of the press, the freedom of petition, and the freedom of speech (First Amendment Center). All of these freedoms are equally important. However, even when people in a democratic society better acknowledgeRead MoreHate Speech Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesHatespeech Hate Speech and the People who use it Hate speech; is this the type of speech that the First Amendment protects? Should this type of speech be defended? If this type of speech is censored on college campuses, have the students lost their right to the First Amendment? What kind of damage does hate speech cause physical and emotional? Who does hate speech affect? Is hate speech protected by the first amendment? According to Charles R. Lawrence III, it is not. â€Å"When racist speech takesRead MoreEssay On Hate Speech1784 Words   |  8 Pages including virtually unrestricted information flow, unlimited communication possibilities, anonymity, and free speech. Unfortunately, such an open concept of the World Wide Web leaves it open to a wide range of exploitation; namely, in the era of social media platforms, created specifically to facilitate conversation among the users, one of the most common forms of abuse is hate speech. Due to the complexity of the term itself and many legal and practical issues, regulating such content online isRead MoreThe Constitutionality of Hate Speech Essay3494 Words   |  14 PagesIn order to reduce the astonishing number of hate crimes in the United States, the Federal Government should restrict hate speech, and the expressions of hateful ideas, in all its forms, in all places, both public and private. However, it is imperative that hate speech be defined first. Contrary to some opinions, it is possible to accurately define hate speech, because hate speech does not actually have many elusive forms. Hate speech includes fighting words as defined in Chaplinsky vs. New HampshireRead MoreFree Speech vs Hate Speech Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesFree Speech vs. Harmful Hate Speech Freedom of speech is instilled at the beginning of the Bill of Rights and it allows citizens of the United States to express their opinions without being afraid of what might happen to them, much like in other countries. Many times people are directly or indirectly harmed by others’ actions that are considered a right under the freedom of speech clause. Though, some people worry that if we do not allow for complete freedom of speech, it is hard to figure outRead MorePersuasive Essay On Hate Speech1612 Words   |  7 Pages In the name of free speech, hate speech should not be tolerated. Hate speech has devastating effects on the people and communities it is targeted at. Left unchecked hate speech can lead to harmful and violent effects. Over the past few years, the effects of hate speech used on women, homosexuals, ethnic groups and religious minorities have become more and more apparent. Hate speech can be very divisive in many of the situations it is used, depending on w ho interprets the expression can vary howRead MorePros And Cons Of Hate Speech1416 Words   |  6 Pages In today’s society the matter of Freedom of Speech is being questioned. The use of â€Å"Hate Speech† is being used to identify words and actions that often target ethnic and racial groups, those with gender related differences, and the beliefs of others in general. Is it acceptable to express ones ideas and actions if it brings about distention among a nation? Should it be acceptable to destroy symbolic icons on which American history was founded? Is it permissible to single out individuals with

Essay about History of Nature and Nurture - 1866 Words

Abstract Nature vs. nurture has been discussed by philosophers in the past and by scientists most recently. Philosophers such as Plato argued that all knowledge was inherited through your parent and when you were told something you didnt learn it you were just reminded of it. Aristotle however argued that all humans were born with a blank slate and built on it with influence from there environment. In the 1700s the empiricists and the internalists took over the argument. They fought through letters explaining there point of views and denouncing the others. This leads to Pavlov coming up with the idea of behaviorism in the early 1900‘s. Behaviorism became the new wave of Psychology and influenced a lean towards the nurture side. It was†¦show more content†¦Two philosophers, G.W. Leibniz and John Locke, were main representatives of their respected explanations. Leibniz promoted the internalism point of view. Cowie states, ...Leibnizs position on this issue is, of course, that the tabula is far from rasa: ‘The soul inherently contains the sources of various notions and doctrines, which external objects merely rouse up... (Cowie, 1999, p. 7). Leibniz argued against Locke and other empiricists stated that ...there is no way ideas which come into the mind from outside can be formed into beliefs and judgments without the operation of specific internal mechanisms (Cowie, 1999, p. 17). At the same time, John Locke and his fellow philosophers campaigned for empiricism. Like Aristotle, the philosophers believed that humans thoughts and actions were determined not by innate factors, but by the their unique experiences (Ashcraft, 1998). Locke argued against the internalists by examining different human processes such as logic and reasoning. He would ask how it was possible to use logic and reasoning if people were born with all of the knowledge they would ever acquire (Cowie 1999, p. 19). The contrasting views of the two groups had begun the nature vs. nurture debate, which would linger in the fields of philosophy and psychology for decades. A point should be made that even though the interalists and empiricists felt strongly about their theories, theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Nature vs Nurture1052 Words   |  5 PagesNature vs. Nurture M. B. Liberty University Psychology 101 Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. Both nature and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. â€Å"As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width, so do biology and experience together create us.†(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analyticalRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture And How Studying Psychology Can Improve Critical Thinking818 Words   |  4 Pagesinherent mission of history. The study of psychologies past endeavors to help future generations of psychology-minded individuals how the past discoveries that were implemented, and altered within the field. As with any history, knowing the successes, and possible mistakes in the within the field development can only assist future experiences. In examining the history of the psychology, upcoming psychology students are able to talk over the age-old deb ate of nature versus nurture. The beliefs ofRead MoreThe Effect Of Environmental And Genetics On The Development Of A Person1000 Words   |  4 PagesOne of these oldest arguments in the history of psychology is the debate of whether or not ones environment or genetic background plays more of a role in the development of a person. Both nature and nurture have been proven to play an important role in one’s development. Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure, experienceRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: a Biblical Perspective1531 Words   |  7 PagesRUNNING TITLE: Nature vs. Nurture Nature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective Ouida Lynne Heath Psychology 101, Module 5 Professor Roberts December 17, 2009 Nature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective The Nature versus Nurture debate has been ongoing for centuries. People have tried to gain power through knowledge in determining what causes the human â€Å"mind to tick.† For centuries leaders and scientists haveRead MoreEssay on Human Development: Nature vs. Nurture1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate is an old issue within the field of psychology. â€Å"The nature-nurture issue is a perennial one that has resurfaced in current psychiatry as a series of debates on the role that genes (DNA) and environments play in the etiology and pathophysiology of mental disorders† (Schaffner) The debate is essentially about what is inherited (nature) and what is experienced by environmental factors (nurture) and how they affect human development. Naturally, the nature versusRead MoreThe Power of Nature and Nurture Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate on nature versus nurture has been a mystery for years, constantly begging the question of whether human behavior, ideas, and feelings are innate or learned over time. Nature, or genetic influences, are formed before birth and finely-tuned through early experiences. Genes are viewed as long and complicated chains that are present throughout life and develop over time. Nature supporters believe that genes form a childs conscience and determine ones approach to life, contrasting with nature is theRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 2017 Nature vs Nurture In today’s society, it has become common to question what exactly makes us human. There are many questions to ask that pertains to the idealism of mankind, but the most important would be, â€Å"what shapes us into who we are?† The debate of whether nature or nurture molds the character of our being has been an exhilarating question throughout the history of time. 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I will discuss the difference between nature and nurture and then I’ll apply to each of these philosophers and how they react to it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When looked up in the dictionary the term nature means the universe and its phenomena or one’s own character and temperamentRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe Nature versus Nurture debate has been ongoing for centuries. People have tried to gain power through knowledge in determining what causes the human â€Å"mind to tick.† For centuries leaders and scientists have performed unethical and immoral studies to determine why two people with similar genetic composition can come from similar backgrounds and turn out so differently. I have witnessed a person raised in a poor home by parents with drug addictions become a thriving contributable member of society

Dubai Residents Nowadays Spend Too Much on Shopping Free Essays

Yes it is agreed as it is a young modern city transformed from a desert, hence has taken the best of the cities to make it the best . As a result the bench mark of lifestyle is high for e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Dubai Residents Nowadays Spend Too Much on Shopping or any similar topic only for you Order Now : cars, designer labels are imported as Dubai doesn’t manufactures it, therefore consumer has to pay if he wants. These luxuries are a necessity be it as a means of travel etc. However the city is new and has many multicultural populations hence results in various demands. There are various reasons for shopping in Dubai such as brand addiction, status symbol etc, another reason is that the activities are limited and visits to shopping malls results in shopping. Growing trends of shopping noticed in dubai in last few years in resident of dubai. Every person who lives in dubai now are more into the shopping phobia. Above statement is stated on use of following attributies : 1. Financially Stable Country 2. Highest Salary Graph 3. Brand Abundance 4. Geographical Location 5. Fashion In The Air 6. Unlimited Advertisement. 1) Dubai is nowadays people around the world are seen seeking interest in setting up their business entities in Middle East and mostly Dubai . Furthermore according to H. H Shk Muhammad Bin Al Rashid Al Makhtoum (Vice president and ruler of Dubai ) stated that in previous two years people are having more confident to invest their money in Dubai as it has been financially stable during the recession whch took place in 2008 , the evidence to it is that however there was recession in the country but it did not effect the ambition and addiction of residents on shopping , it was seen that shopping malls were seen crowded every season , which makes one say that Dubai is Financially Stable Country . ) The Second reason of why Dubai Residents spend too much money on shopping is that the salary graph is noticed to be increasing day by day which is cause of getting addicted to shopping , it can also be referred as excess of money , however because of this increasing salary residents are addicted to buy branded product to maintain their status in society. Studies have established that UAE has the regions highest individual spenders, with each of its 8. 2 million people spending an average amount of $21,577 (Dhs 79,522) per annum . (Arab Monetory Fund 2010). The world highest apparel sales per capital is at $785 (Dhs 2,865) . At kearney’s Global Retail ) . Furthermore most of the Housewives in Dubai spend their time in kitty parties and other social activities , and for these activities they spend a bunch money on brands , beauty saloon , spa , designer label clothes etc . However these are afforded only because there is increase in salary which eventually increase the addiction to shopping. Hence the salary graph plays an important role in shopping addiction among the residents of Dubai . 3) Brand Abundance is said to be one of the major cause of over expenditures on shopping attitude in Dubai residents. As the financial stability hits the region of Dubai every major brand outlet is easy to find in Dubai , due to number of malls and various brands stores. This makes Dubai resident more brand conscious and as a result overexposure to labels , brands and novelties are found in Dubai. Which maintains the habit of shopping among Dubai Residents. This also makes a reson for every brand to target Dubai as the consumption is seen more in this part of Middle East. Such is the case with Bloomingdales , Parada , Nichols and many other brands . ) Geographical Location is Excessive shopping happened in dubai is because of geographical location. The geographical location of the city also favors excessive shopping. Dubai has a hot and moist type of weather. For that cause, people are ambitious to the big air-conditioned shopping malls. There, they are over depiction to the advertisement and charisma of the major brands and that makes them shop more. Brands here are merely profit-oriented, and do n ot run environmental campaigns in the park or on the beach, but in the mall. Also, as it was previously talk about Dubai is a shopping hub due to the city’s geographical location. People from China, Saudi Arabia and Europe visit Dubai on a holiday or simply on a shopping extravaganza from corner to the malls. It seems that this propensity for shopping is reflecting on Dubai residents as well. Whenever you go out, and that means most of the time to the shopping mall, you see beaming tourists carrying a multitude of glossy shopping bags. 5) Fashion in the Air A number of power events like Dubai World Cup horse racing or the Oil Barron’s Ball, and never-ending product launches require attendants to dress to the occasions where often they are judged on their outfits by the rest of the crowd. As a result, people have become highly fashion conscious and this is another reason why are Dubai residents addicted to shopping. 6) Unlimited Advertisement is advertising during the past few years become repressive, obtrusive and time-consuming for most of the people who live in Dubai. Since the moment you awake and turn the radio on, you get attacked with offers and promotions. When you drive around Dubai, you see advertisement everywhere and in all forms, from billboards to TV screens. Public transport is one of the major source the brands are using for their advertisements. Such as; * Nowadays, the movies in the Reel Cinema start 25 minutes later, because the cinema makes huge chunk of profit by showing its public a rich variety of advertisements. * This is understandable, but up to some extent! Five ads at the time are quite enough for most of the people, but in Dubai you get to see 35 or more various advertisements before the film starts. The inferior advertisement seller is the TV network. A TV show that is supposed to last 35 minutes, for example, consists of approximately 21 minutes advertisement and 14 minutes content. In addition, the TV ads are literary stuffed by 20 or even 25 in blocks of approximately five minutes each. For example, during â€Å"The Entrepreneur† TV show of 35 minutes, you can watch 4 or 5 times the same advertisement for Coca-Cola. This is no longer even an effective advertisement, because it doesn’t inspire you to drink Coca-Cola, but boars you. In many countries around the world, TV advertisement is regulated by law. Industry experts say that in the United Kingdom, for every one hour of TV program viewers should see 9 minutes of advertisement. In the United States, the norm is stretched to 17 minutes of ads for each hour of show or film. (London Hilton mall—- 2011 Peoples from dubai spends around 100 million pounds due to Olympics 2012 last year they are unable to get more business from the same gentry but currently they are expecting 150 million pounds business from these peoples in 2013. ) According to a survey Only one in five people, or 35 percent of UAE respondents, said luxury was â€Å"over and above what you need†, the Synovate survey of 8,000 people in 11 countries found. This attitude comes from the large number of designer shops, high-end hotels and plush shopping malls in the emirates, said Per-Henrik Karlsson, Synovate’s business development director in Dubai. â€Å"This creates aspirational behaviour among expats, tourists and locals alike. It starts even before you arrive, as the Emirates Airlines pre-landing video about Dubai is all about shopping, luxury cars and hotels,† â€Å"And once on the ground, it’s everywhere: the main highway is full of billboards advertising luxury brands. Even eating out in Dubai is part of this lifestyle, with some luxury brands operating their own food and beverage outlets in malls. The Middle East mass luxury goods sector is set to grow 10 percent a year, Bahrain’s Investcorp said earlier this year, boosted by the region’s young population and relative wealth. The survey found the UAE was also among the top locations for logo-branded goods, with 58 percent of residents saying t hey preferred to buy designer items. The other two countries were India, with 79 percent and Hong Kong with 68 percent. The country with the lowest percentage of people preferring logos was the UK with 46 percent. â€Å"Showing off logos is not seen as bad taste; whether it’s old or new money doesn’t matter nearly as much as simply having money! In fact, another newly popular trend here is buying brands that sport oversize logos, like certain shirts – the more ostentatious, the better,† Karlsson said. Another statistic to come out of the survey, published in December, was that 14 percent of people in the UAE most value the feeling â€Å"that I have something my friends and colleagues do not have†. Twenty three percent of UAE residents said they purchase luxury items â€Å"As soon as I decide I want it, I buy it† – the second highest figure behind India with 28 percent. However, consumer confidence was reported to have slipped for the first time in the UAE since March, the latest quarterly survey by Bayt. com and YouGov Siraj found. (ByElsa Baxter , Tuesday, 12 January 2010 8:03 AM , business . com ) Thus it can be concluded stating that though the addiction of shopping is seen in Dubai residents but however it is increasing the economy of Dubai as there is more consumption and every one in Dubai is buying them whether it be a person of any classified category , the biggest reason which seen and heard it that to maintain the status in society . How to cite Dubai Residents Nowadays Spend Too Much on Shopping, Papers

Fundamental Molecular Biology Drift in Influenza Virus

Question: Discuss about the Fundamental Molecular Biology? Answer: Technology has advanced by leaps and bounds and made the great revolution in the field of biotechnology. In the present world, the DNA-based recombinant technology has gained massive popularity. With this tool scientists can make some interesting gene manipulations. The standard sequence includes gene isolation from desired source, cleaving and introducing them into the target organism's genome to transfer required characteristics. Talking about Recombinant DNA Technology (RDT) one word that none can stop recalling is the wonderful "Superbug." It was an important product of RDT to play a prominent role in bioremediation. RDT has been applied in medical field. In this paper, the author tries to emphasize the role of RDT in vaccination. The essay will take us to the details of the preparation of the DNA vaccines and how it is introduced into the host and its clinical efficacy. It will further throw light on the outcome of DNA vaccines and the research conducted in this area. A vaccine may be an antigen of bacterial or viral origin exposed to an individual to evoke an immune response of that individual by the formation of antibodies. The process of generating the systemic immune response is called as vaccination. However, the antigenic material is prepared in a manner such that it is non-toxic, but it can trigger humoral and cell-mediated immune response against the pathogen (Kowalczyk et al., 1997), figure 1. The immune system responses to proteins and peptides on the bacterial surface. Several vaccines are commercially prepared by using recombinant hosts. During preparation of vaccines only surface features of bacteria are considered (Kindt et al., 2007). DNA vaccines are the modern types of vaccines prepared by RDT. There is ongoing research on development of vector vaccines for various diseases like HIV, Malaria, etc. In these genetic vaccines, the genome of a pathogen is fragmented, and the genes encoding proteins are directly introduced into say muscle cells of the host by in vivo transfection. So that the gene can integrate into the chromosomal DNA. Inside the host, the foreign proteins are expressed. Dendritic cells also present these antigens. This triggers the production of ctyotoxic T lymphocytes which recognise peptides associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex (Kindt et al., 2007). In the case of DNA vector vaccines, genes encoding the bacterial proteins are initially introduced into non-virulent bacteria that serve as vector or carrier. The genes and the vector are cleaved by same restriction endonuclease and are ligated using DNA ligase (as shown in figure 2). The vector is introduced in the host where it replicates and expresses the gene product of the pathogen. The vectors contain an origin of replication, antibiotic resistant markers like ampicillin that helps selection of only transformed bacteria in the ampicillin containing media, a restriction site and extra non-essential DNA (Kowalczyk et al., 1997). The antibiotic resistance gene is called as selectable markers as this helps to select only those bacteria in the media that contains vector which imparts resistance property to the bacteria. The non-transformed bacteria do not grow on media due to antibiotic sensitivity. Inside the bacteria vector replicates to express the protein encoded by the pathogen . Plasmids are introduced into host by intradermal or intramuscular injection along with diluents such as saline or sucrose and sometimes gene gun method is used. Yellow fever vaccine developed can express the product of West Nile Virus. This was the first vaccine developed for horses that showed enhanced immune response. Various micro-organisms used for DNA vaccine is vaccinia virus, adenovirus, etc. (Donnelly et al., 1995). Figure 2 describes the production of recombinant vaccinia vector vaccine. When DNA vaccine containing malarial gene was administered to human subjects, there was enhanced CTL and antibody response. However the response was low as compared to that observed in mice (Sedar et al., 2013). Therefore, there is need for more research to recommend DNA vaccine finally for human use in next few years (Monath, 2005) DNA vaccines are effective as they are not denatured inside the host and seem promising to protect against several diseases. In near future DNA vaccine will move from clinical trials to effective safe human use. It's a cost-effective and straightforward process as it can be delivered easily and has no special storage requirements. It has been found effective against influenza, rabies, etc. However, there are more complications to it because the delivery of polysaccharide antigen is not as easy as that of protein antigens. Figure 1: the Overview of an immune response to DNA vaccine. (Source: Kowalczyk et al., 1997) Figure 2: Production of vaccine by vaccinia vector. (Source: Kindt et al., 2007. The desired gene is introduced into vaccinia vector. Flanked by Thymidine kinase. The recombinant virus so produced contains the genome of pathogen and promoter of a virus at the nonessential site TK site. Thus, the cells are TK- and rescued in the medium containing Budr that kills TK+ cells). References Donnelly, J. J., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., Montgomery, D. L., Shiver, J. W., Motzel, S. L., ... Liu, M. A. (1995). Preclinical efficacy of a prototype DNA vaccine: enhanced protection against antigenic drift in influenza virus. Nature medicine, 1(6), 583-587. Kindt, T. J., Goldsby, R. A., Osborne, B. A., Kuby, J. (2007). Kuby immunology. Macmillan. Kowalczyk, D. W., Ertl, H. C. J. (1999). Immune responses to DNA vaccines. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 55(5), 751-770. Monath, T. P. (2005). Yellow fever vaccine. Expert review of vaccines, 4(4), 553-574. Sedar, R. A.., Chang, L. J., Enama, M. E., Zephir, K. L., Sarwar, U. N., Gordon, I. J., Richman, A. (2013). Protection against malaria by intravenous immunization with a nonreplicating sporozite vaccine. Science, 341 (6152), 1359-1365.

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Staples and Cofer Essays

Staples and Cofer Essays Staples and Cofer Paper Staples and Cofer Paper Different Ethnicities Same Problems When Americans meet someone new they are already sticking that person into some sort of category because of their appearance. If someone looks different than Americans are use to, they automatically stick some sort of stereotype to them. Stereotypes are strongly displayed in the media; stereotype can be based of someones color, culture, religion, or sex. In Black men in public spaces by Brent Staples, and in The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the authors talk about stereotypes based on their gender and ethnicity nd the experiences they both encounter because of their ethnicity and gender which have many similarities and differences. Stereotypes can lead to hatred and discrimination against other groups. The problem with stereotyping is it is identifying an individual based on a group a person belongs to, which is not right because each individual is their own person. Stereotypes can be true, and are sometimes false that is why a person should only be Judged by who he/she is, each person is unique in his/her own way. Cofer addresses the stereotypes of Latin women, while Brent Staples points out the social views of African American men by both displaying the stereotypes stuck to them, how the grew up, and encounters with strangers to reveal the similarities and differences they face concerning ethnicity. No matter what ethnicity a person is, it seems as if everyone has to face being Judged based on his/ her ethnicity and getting some kind of stereotype stuck to them. Both Staples and Cofer had to experience being stereotyped, but the way the handle the situation had some similarities. For staples him being an African American man he had to face being Judged by many people and being seen as a criminal. He expresses the feeling of rage because he was always being perceived as a criminal. He describes how many people, no matter what color, reacted when he walks by. He even noticed people lock their car doors as he walks past them, how they cross the street to avoid him, and how some women clutch onto their purses when they walk by him. Mr. Staples understands the fear as well as the real danger that everyone faces everyday however, he still feels alienated about constantly be perceived as a criminal because he was African American and a male. Cofer also goes through life feeling alienated, he notices how she dresses is different from what Americans are used to so she gets singled out from the group and harassed. Growing up Staples had to deal with seeing gangs killing others, people getting locked away, and seeing young friends and family members being buried. Staples 61) While Cofer grew up with strict parents and constantly being told how to act and dress. (Cofer 1 54) Both Cofer and Staples had to deal with having issues to fit it. Staples was a good boy and stood out for that reason he did not participate in the violence and gangs. He knew he did not want to o down the same paths as his friends did which was odd to the people where he group up at. , while Cofer also struggled with not fitting in because she was of different ethnicity and did not dress like the others. They both had went through being Judged growing up because of them being different. Where Staples grew up it people did, and for Cofer it was odd to Americans to see her dress like people in her home country. Although both the essays are dealing with stereotypes among a certain group, Staples encounters with people are very different than Cofers. In Cofers essay, the average Latin woman has to deal with others assuming they are ome kind of sex symbol. There is no fear associated with these Latina women because they do not look intimidating but rather sexy or domestic, they are approached with sexual advances or as if they were all house keepers, maids, or waitresses. In Staples case, he was not only Judged by his intimidating appearance, but also feared by all who came across him. As opposed to Cofer, where people are approaching and harassing her. Staples is seen as a threat and is unapproachable to all who come across his large stature. Staples explains how during several instances while walking around at night he would notice how individuals changed their eactions when they saw him. Staples describes how he would hear the sound of car doors being locked when he would cross a street with cars waiting for the traffic light to change (Staples 60). Staples also explains how tense it would get when he would walk down the street at night with other pedestrians around. Although Staples was everything but a mugger, the people he came across at night from fearing him. Staples was clearly seen as some sort of predator while Cofer was seen as the prey who is constantly approached and being harassed with negative and insulting comments. She was stopped and harassed on many occasions by men singing ffensive songs to her. Staples was nothing like a criminal, what most people assumed he was, he was an educated individual who had an intimidating appearance from his height and dark skin color. Staples is mainly Judged for his larger statue, skin color, and gender which comes off to be considered dangerous to people, while Cofer is also Judge on outer appearance which comes off to be domestic or sexy. Brent Staples, because he is black is perceived as a criminal; Judith Cofer is a Latina and is mistaken for a waitress. Both individuals have numerous examples of when they have been done wrong or discriminated against. When Staples was working as a Chicago Journalist, he was rushing into the office and mistaken by the manager as a burglar or criminal. Cofer went through something similar, when she was about to do her first poetry reading, she had been mistaken for waitress by some older women. Staples and Cofer both had Justified reasons to become upset in these situations and every other situation they have encountered, but instead of becoming upset they decide to do something to correct these misconceptions. Staples always considered himself to be in the wrong in these situations, while Cofer made herself the victim. Staples accepts that people are always going to Judge him because he is a African American male, and he feels he should change himself. As Cofer sees it oppositely, she wants the people who that have these misconceptions to change their ways, not only that she wants them to realize why they should change, and to become more knowledgeable when it comes to different cultures. Both authors are different genders so very different stereotypes apply to them in a different way.. Although Cofer and Staples were both of different ethnicity and gender they both faced many of the same issues of ethnicity, though different scenarios. What was different from Staples and Cofer then other individuals knew these stereotypes were wrong so they both wanted to prove so. Both Authors had a purpose to writing these essays, Staples wanted to reveal to society how peoples perception of the Black Male is affecting them, and Cofers purpose was to address the misconception of the stereotypes of Latin women. In the end, some people may agree with Staples and Cofers purpose and feel stereotypes are wrong, but some will not and may still believe them. Stereotypes are not going away today or anytime soon but it is import that people do not add to them.

How Change Management Theories can be Utilize when Planning for Essay

How Change Management Theories can be Utilize when Planning for Incremental Change - Essay Example According to the report it is essential to know about Starbuck’s organizational structure before one can effectively examine how change management theories can be applied in the case of Starbucks when planning for an important incremental change. Since the use of a functional structure could make the company’s response to market and environmental change in a very slow phase, Starbucks is using a combined centralized and decentralized form of authority when managing organizational change.This study outlines that  Starbucks combined using centralized and decentralized form of authority in the sense that the company’s major decision-making power is highly controlled by Schultz. To ensure the quality service rendered by each of Starbuck’s baristas to its valued customers, a regional manager is usually assigned to manage the company’s store managers who are in-charge of managing the work quality and training of each Barista.  Because of the continuou s changes in the U.S. market, the CEO of Starbucks – Mr. Schultz exerted extra effort to communicate to the general public about its effort to improve its business performance particularly in the United States where the unemployment rate remains high and demand for retailed coffee is low. In order to win back the trust of its valued customers and maximize the ability of Starbucks to gain more revenues, Schuartz talks about the need to develop and implement new business strategies that could make the company optimize the use of its available resources effectively.

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY - Lab Report Example The most common cause of food poisoning is bacteria. These bacteria cause symptoms such as vomiting, stomach cramps, headache, diarrhoea, fever or a combination of the above. Some food poisoning bacteria can cause death. Under the right environmental conditions, that is, warmth, food, moisture and time, bacteria can multiply through mitosis where one can split into two in every 10-20 minutes. Bacteria grow at temperatures between 5 and 63 OC and thrives at temperatures of about 37Â °C. Dried foods have a longer shelf life because bacteria needs moisture to grow. High levels of sugar or salt and acid is unconducive for the growth of bacteria. Bacteria also prefers foods that are high in protein and moisture. These high risk foods include meat, poultry, eggs and fish. There are various types of food poisoning bacteria with each having own food sources. Salmonella is found in many types of raw meat, Listeria is found in raw poultry and other meats, Escherichia coli is found in raw meat, Clostridium perfringens is found in raw meat, vegetables, herbs and spices, while staphylococcus aureus is obtained from food handlers. (Ridgewell, 2001). In the early 1980s, the number of recorded human cases of Salmonella enterica rose to over 10,000 cases in the UK, then increased for 20 years in England and Wales to a peak of 33,000 cases in 1997 (Cogan & Humprey, 2003). From 1998, the number has been decreasing till date. However, according to (Public Health England, 2014) there was an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis that caused three deaths and an outbreak of 247 cases from 158 on 15th of August 2014. There were 99 cases in Hampshire, 39 in Cheshire, 30 in London and 54 in the West Midlands. Salmonella Enteritidis is a bacterium that causes gastrointestinal illness and is often associated with poultry and eggs. Salmonella belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae and are facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Salmonella has an incubation

Carbon Nanotubes Uses and Properties

Carbon Nanotubes Uses and Properties ABSTRACT: For the first time in the human history, we are close to being able to manipulate the basic forms of all the things, living and inanimate, take them apart and put them together in almost anyway the mind can imagine. The sophistication with which scientists are learning to engineer matter at the nanometer scale is giving us unprecedented mastery of a large part of our environment. The world of the future will be defined by how we use this mastery. Nanotechnology is engineering at the molecular (groups of atoms) level. It is the collective term for a range of technologies, techniques and processes that involve the manipulation of matter at the smallest scale(from 1 to 100 nm2). Carbon nanotubes have been under scientific investigation for more than fifteen years because of their unique properties that predestine them for many potential applications. The field of nanotechnology and nanoscience push their investigation forward to produce carbon nanotubes with suitable parameters for future applications. Carbon nanotubes are one of the most commonly mentioned building blocks of nanotechnology. With one hundred times the tensile strength of steel, thermal conductivity better than all but the purest diamond and electrical conductivity similar to copper, but with the ability to carry much higher currents, they seem to be a wonder material. Field effect transistors using carbon nanotubes came into existence, these have a extremely good properties. CARBON NANOTUBES: Evolution of Nano Importance of Nano in present day scenario Moores Law Greatness of Carbon Graphene Carbon nanotube Synthesis of CNT Properties of CNT Purification methods Real time applications GREATNESS OF CARBON: Carbon is the 4th most abundant element in the Universe by mass after( Hydrogen, Helium and Oxygen). Forms more compounds that any other element, with almost 10 million pure organic compounds. Abundance, unique diversity and unusual polymer forming ability at the temperatures makes the element the chemical basis of life. CARBON NANOTUBES: Carbon nanotubes are long, thin cylinders of carbon which were discovered in 1991 by Sumio Iijima. A sheet of graphene rolled in cylindrical structure results in Carbon nanotube of 1 atom thickness and diameter in nano scale. Nanotubes have a very broad range of electronic, thermal, and structural properties that changes due to change in length, diameter and chirality or twist. Types of Carbon Nano Tubes: Single walled: In these single walled nano tubes are narrower than the multi walled nano tubes ,the diameters typically in the range of 1-2nm ,and tend to be curved rather than straight. In these SWNT only single layer of grephene .Catalyst is required for synthesis .Bulk synthesis is difficult as it requires proper control over growth and atmospheric condition .In these SWNT Purity is poor and less accumulation in body .Characterization and evaluation is easy .It can be easily twisted and are more pliable. These tubes are used to make super strong amour bodies .These single walled nano tubes are used as elastic property and used to make bullet proof vests. Multi walled: Multi walled nano tubes consists of multiple layers of graphite rolled in on themselves to for a tube shape .There are two models which can be used to describe the structures of multi walled nano tubes .In these MWNT multiple layer of grephene and can be produced without catalyst Bulk synthesis is easy .Purity is high ,more accumulation in body .It has very complex structure .It can not be easily twisted. Synthesis: Laser ablation: A pulsed or continuous laser is used which will vaporize a graphite target in an oven at 1200c . Oven is filled with helium argon gas .In order to keep the pressure at 500 torr ,Since the optimum background gas as catalyst mixture is the same as in the arc discharge process Laser ablation method is similar to arc discharge method .This method is vey expensive so it is mainly used for SWNT’s laser vapourization results in higher yield of SWNT’s with narrow size distribution than those produced in arc discharge process .Catalyst used for SWNT is NI:Y (4.2:1 At%). Arc Discharge Method: Arc Discharge method has been reported for producing carbon nano tubes .In these method nano tubes are produced through arc vapourization of two carbon rods placed end to end with a distance of 1mm in an environment of inert gases such as helium argon at pressure b/w 50 to 100 amps driven by 20v which will create high temperature discharge b/w two electrodes ,due to this anode wil get evaporated and rod shaped tubes will be deposited on cathode.Bulk production of CNT’s depends on uniformity of plasma arc and temperature of depositon The Main principle is carbon nano fibres are good at absorbing energy so they can absorb the energy coming from the bullet .The inherent property of elasticity makes the bullet to rebound .Its is 100% stronger thean steel.Lighter than aluminium.Conduct electricity as copper .These fibres can be used as space elevators . Purification Of CNT’s: Nanotubes usually contain a large amount of impurities such as metal particles ,amorphous carbon ,and multishell .These are different steps in purification of nano tubes . Air Oxidation: The Carbon nano tubes are having less purity ,the average purity is about 5-10%.So,Purification is needed before attachment of drugs onto CNT’s .Air oxidation is useful in Reducing the amount of amorphous carbon and metal catalyst particles (Ni,Y). Acid Reflexing: Refluxing the sample in strong acid is effective in reducing the amount of metal particles and amorphous carbon ,different acids used were hydrochloric acid (HCL),nitric acid(HNO3)and sulphuric acid (H2so4)bt HCL is identified to e ideal reflexing acid . Surfactant aided sonication, filtration and annealing: After the acid reflexing ,the CNT’s were purer but ,tubes were entagled together ,trapping most of the impurities,such as carbon particles and catalyst particles ,which were difficult to remove with flitration .so,surfactant –aided sonication was carried out .sodium dodecyl benezene sulphonate (SDBS) aided sonication with ethanol or methanol ,as organic solvent were preferred cz it took the longest ime time fr CNTS to settle down ,indicating an even suspension state was achieved .The sample was then filtered with un ultra filtration unit and annealed at 1273k in N2 for 4H .Annealing is effective in optimizing the CNT structures .It was provided the surfactant –aided sonication is effective to untangle CNT’s thus to free the particulate impurities embedded in the entanglement .Nano tube can also be purified by multistep purification method . Real time applications: Carrier for drug delivery: Carbon Horns (CNHs) are the speherical aggregates of CNT’s with irregular Horn like shape .Research studies have proved CNT’s CNH’s as a potential carrier for drug delivery system . Genetic Engineering: In Genetic engineering ,CNT’s and CNH’s are used to manipulate genes and atoms in the development of bio imaging geneomas protemics and tissue engineering .The unwound DNA (single stranded )winds around SWNT by connecting its specific neucletoids and causes change in its electrostatic property .this creates its potential application diagnostics and in therapeutics Nano tubes and nanohorn’s can adehere various antigens on their surface ,hence act as source of antigen in vaccines .Hence by use of nanotubes ,use of dead bacteria as source for antigen which is sometimes dangerous can be avoided . Pseudo spark switches: These are switches which work upon principle of field emission, this emission is achieved by triggering. Generally the triggering methods are Surface discharge triggering Optical triggering Pulsed low-current glow discharge triggering But cnt’s have a good emitting properties when compared from above methods. For field emission cnt’s are used as cold cathode emitters. The field emission characteristics of cnt’s are mostly reported at high vacuum pressures of 10^-6 and 10^-7 torr. Usage of cnt’s for field emission resulted in good properties and working of pseudo spark switches in both high pressure and low pressure vacuum..

Biography of Robert Frost Essay -- American Poets Robert Frost Biograp

â€Å"Rightly or wrongly, Robert Frost has achieved a reputation as a poet of nature†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gerber 155). Yes, Frost does use imagery of nature in his poems, but to say he is a â€Å"nature poet† is distorting his poetry by overlooking the poem’s darker complexions (Gerber 155). An aspect of his poems that is frequently overlooked is the main character’s internal conflict. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and â€Å"Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening† characters are faced with an inner conflict metaphorically described by nature. In these two poems Frost uses nature to hide the reality of how self-conscious the main character actually is. Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26, 1874. When his father died in 1885 he moved to Massachusetts with his mom and sister (Sweeny and Lindroth 5). He spent his whole life in the Massachusetts area. â€Å"Frost attended high school in that state, and then Dartmouth College, but remained less than one semester† (Michalowski). At the age of thirty-eight Frost decided to move him and his family to England. While in England his first book, A Boy’s Will, was published in 1913. A few years later he returned to America where his second book, North of Boston, was published (Michalowski). Although he spent three years of his life in England, â€Å"†¦little of his verse reflects any specific English imagery† (Sweeny and Lindroth 11). Massachusetts and other New England areas were the setting for the majority of Frost’s poetry. The nature in the New England area played a big role in his life and influenced his poetry a lot (Sweeny and Lindroth 7). â€Å"Nine generations of New Englanders had produced Robert Frost, and he in turn produced in his poetry a distillation of all that is New Engla... ...chusetts. 1982 Michalowski, Jay. â€Å"Biography of Robert Frost†. The Robert Frost Web Page. 3 May 2015 http://www.robertfrost.org/indexgood.html Richardson, Mark â€Å"Robert Frost† Modern American Poetry. 5 April 2015. http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/frost.htm Sweeny, John David and Lindroth, James. The Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Monarch Press, 1965 Van Doren, Mark. â€Å"Robert Frost’s America: June 1951† The Atlantic Online. 5 April 2015. The Atlantic Monthly http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/poetry/frost/vand.html Wakefield, Richard. â€Å"Thomas Eakins and Robert Frost: â€Å"To be a natural man in a man-made world.† Proquest Online. 5 April 2015. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?TS=1049560053&RQT=309&TS=1049559567&Did=000000056482194&Fmt=3&Deli=1&Mtd=1&Idx =20&Sid=3&Button.x=0&Button.y=0&TS=1049559631&Button.x=0&Button.y=0&TS=1049560082

Australia slashes wheat forecast Essay

In Australia, the commodity markets for wheat hit a formidable loss, as an ongoing drought reduced the predicted crop forecast by a crushing 30%. Australia being the second largest wheat exporter in the world, only behind the United States of America, plays an important role in the distribution of food. Although, in recent years the quantity demanded has risen due to the change in eating habits in China, the growing interest in the use of durum wheat as a bio-fuel, and rising demand for wheat in developing countries. These factors have all contributed to the shortage of wheat, and rising prices of wheat products. For example, pasta in Italy has risen from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.26 per kg to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.45 per kg, and supermarkets may further increase this price by 20% by the end of the year (2007). This rise in price of pasta has created major problems, and protests in Italy, as pasta is Italy’s national dish. Italian’s average consumption of pasta is 28kg a year, making it their staple food. Overall, international wheat prices have risen by a startling 350% in the past five years, and global reserves are at their lowest since the early 1980’s causing geopolitical stress in terms of shortage of food. Since the price of wheat, which is a commodity, (Homogenous goods that are raw materials in critical industries)1 has risen dramatically over the past 5 years, governments across the world should (in a graphical sense) try to shift the demand curve left. The demand (the quantity of goods and services that consumers are willing and able to buy at all prices, for a given time period, ceteris paribus)2 for wheat has been going up, but due to the supply shock (in unplanned change in supply usually occurring because of changes in weather conditions or an external change outside the control of the company or economy)3 – the drought in Australia – the supply (the quantity of goods and services that producers are willing and able to produce for a given time period, ceteris paribus)4 of wheat has decreased dramatically, which has caused a shortage (A deficiency in amount; an insufficiency)5 of it on the global market. Shifting the demand curve left can be done though manipulating the non-price determinants of demand for wheat. Some realistic options of doing this are: the Italian government can reduce taxes to give people a higher income (buy less pasta), the Chinese government can increase income taxes to lower people’s income (buy less meat), negative advertising of wheat and lowering the price of substitutes for wheat (buckwheat, rice, soy products, or other grains). In Italy, since pasta is an inferior good (Items for which an increase in income results in a fall in the amount bought e.g. bread, linoleum and coal)6, in theory people should buy less of it if their incomes rise. In China, since eating habits are changing to eating more meat, farmers are feeding their livestock more wheat for them to grow. By decreasing the Chinese people’s income, they will automatically buy less meat (normal good – Goods to which the general law of demand tends to apply)7. Also, negative advertising of wheat will dissuade people from buying wheat, and will thus push people to buy a wheat substitute, which will be even more of an incentive if the prices of the substitutes are lower than wheat. Also, the demand for wheat used as a bio-fuel can be solved by using other substitutes, such as experimenting with different bio-fuels, like corn. Therefore, the price of wheat can and should be lowered through decreasing the demand for the commodity, as the marginal social benefit of feeding people, has more weight compared to the marginal social costs of the governmental costs of increasing incomes, and lowering prices of substitutes. Shifting the supply curve to the right through the use of a buffer stock scheme (A buffer stock scheme is a form of intervention to try to stabilize the price of a commodity. Stocks of the commodity are kept and sold when the price is high to try to reduce it. When the price is low further stocks of the commodity are bought)8 will be too difficult, or impossible as the reserves of wheat are very low. In short, there would be no other alternatives to fully rectify the shortage, other than rationing, which would still keep some people hungry as there is a shortage. 1 Notes: Commodity Markets – 29th September, 2008 2 Notes: The Law of Demand – September 17th, 2008 3 http://www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/glossarydb/browse.pl?glostopic=0&glosid=1213 4 Notes: The law of Supply – September 24th, 2008 5 http://www.answers.com/topic/shortage 6 http://www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/glossarydb/browse.pl?glostopic=0&glosid=623 7 http://www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/glossarydb/browse.pl?glostopic=0&glosid=680 8 http://www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/glossarydb/browse.pl?glostopic=0&glosid=1121

Evolution And Evolution Of Natural Selection - 1826 Words

i. Evolution refers to change over time due to natural selection as organisms adapt and diverge to produce multiple descendant species (Huxley L., Walter M., 2005, p. 698). Two pillars which form the basis of all current knowledge of evolution originate from the historical record of evolutionary change, fossil record and the study of the process of evolutionary change, specifically the effect of natural selection. Recent developments in science, including molecular and developmental biology, have greatly contributed to the understanding of biological diversity and how evolution has changed multiple species, particularly the human species (Losos J., 2014, pp. 3). ii. The concept of natural selection was partially introduced by naturalist Charles Darwin in 1859 when he proposed and provided scientific evidence to describe evolution as the idea that all species have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process of natural selection. To survive in a particular environment, Darwin’s theory proposes that natural selection is the mechanism where organisms must possess attributes that increase their chance of survival in that environment (Chidrawi G., Robson M., Hollis S., 2010, pp 114). Therefore, there will be a tendency for these attributes to be perpetuated and other less appropriate attributes to be lost from the population over successive generations (Huxley L., Walter M., 2005, pp. 698, 704). iii. Fossils are the remains of dead plants and animals that have notShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of Natural Selection Evolution1005 Words   |  5 PagesNatural Selection-Evolution Natural selection is the evolutionary process through which factors in the environment exert pressure, favoring some individuals over others to produce the next generation. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) formulated this theory that has stood the test of time. Natural selection is important to anthropology for understanding how species change. 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