Dubai Residents Nowadays Spend Too Much on Shopping Free Essays

Yes it is agreed as it is a young modern city transformed from a desert, hence has taken the best of the cities to make it the best . As a result the bench mark of lifestyle is high for e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Dubai Residents Nowadays Spend Too Much on Shopping or any similar topic only for you Order Now : cars, designer labels are imported as Dubai doesn’t manufactures it, therefore consumer has to pay if he wants. These luxuries are a necessity be it as a means of travel etc. However the city is new and has many multicultural populations hence results in various demands. There are various reasons for shopping in Dubai such as brand addiction, status symbol etc, another reason is that the activities are limited and visits to shopping malls results in shopping. Growing trends of shopping noticed in dubai in last few years in resident of dubai. Every person who lives in dubai now are more into the shopping phobia. Above statement is stated on use of following attributies : 1. Financially Stable Country 2. Highest Salary Graph 3. Brand Abundance 4. Geographical Location 5. Fashion In The Air 6. Unlimited Advertisement. 1) Dubai is nowadays people around the world are seen seeking interest in setting up their business entities in Middle East and mostly Dubai . Furthermore according to H. H Shk Muhammad Bin Al Rashid Al Makhtoum (Vice president and ruler of Dubai ) stated that in previous two years people are having more confident to invest their money in Dubai as it has been financially stable during the recession whch took place in 2008 , the evidence to it is that however there was recession in the country but it did not effect the ambition and addiction of residents on shopping , it was seen that shopping malls were seen crowded every season , which makes one say that Dubai is Financially Stable Country . ) The Second reason of why Dubai Residents spend too much money on shopping is that the salary graph is noticed to be increasing day by day which is cause of getting addicted to shopping , it can also be referred as excess of money , however because of this increasing salary residents are addicted to buy branded product to maintain their status in society. Studies have established that UAE has the regions highest individual spenders, with each of its 8. 2 million people spending an average amount of $21,577 (Dhs 79,522) per annum . (Arab Monetory Fund 2010). The world highest apparel sales per capital is at $785 (Dhs 2,865) . At kearney’s Global Retail ) . Furthermore most of the Housewives in Dubai spend their time in kitty parties and other social activities , and for these activities they spend a bunch money on brands , beauty saloon , spa , designer label clothes etc . However these are afforded only because there is increase in salary which eventually increase the addiction to shopping. Hence the salary graph plays an important role in shopping addiction among the residents of Dubai . 3) Brand Abundance is said to be one of the major cause of over expenditures on shopping attitude in Dubai residents. As the financial stability hits the region of Dubai every major brand outlet is easy to find in Dubai , due to number of malls and various brands stores. This makes Dubai resident more brand conscious and as a result overexposure to labels , brands and novelties are found in Dubai. Which maintains the habit of shopping among Dubai Residents. This also makes a reson for every brand to target Dubai as the consumption is seen more in this part of Middle East. Such is the case with Bloomingdales , Parada , Nichols and many other brands . ) Geographical Location is Excessive shopping happened in dubai is because of geographical location. The geographical location of the city also favors excessive shopping. Dubai has a hot and moist type of weather. For that cause, people are ambitious to the big air-conditioned shopping malls. There, they are over depiction to the advertisement and charisma of the major brands and that makes them shop more. Brands here are merely profit-oriented, and do n ot run environmental campaigns in the park or on the beach, but in the mall. Also, as it was previously talk about Dubai is a shopping hub due to the city’s geographical location. People from China, Saudi Arabia and Europe visit Dubai on a holiday or simply on a shopping extravaganza from corner to the malls. It seems that this propensity for shopping is reflecting on Dubai residents as well. Whenever you go out, and that means most of the time to the shopping mall, you see beaming tourists carrying a multitude of glossy shopping bags. 5) Fashion in the Air A number of power events like Dubai World Cup horse racing or the Oil Barron’s Ball, and never-ending product launches require attendants to dress to the occasions where often they are judged on their outfits by the rest of the crowd. As a result, people have become highly fashion conscious and this is another reason why are Dubai residents addicted to shopping. 6) Unlimited Advertisement is advertising during the past few years become repressive, obtrusive and time-consuming for most of the people who live in Dubai. Since the moment you awake and turn the radio on, you get attacked with offers and promotions. When you drive around Dubai, you see advertisement everywhere and in all forms, from billboards to TV screens. Public transport is one of the major source the brands are using for their advertisements. Such as; * Nowadays, the movies in the Reel Cinema start 25 minutes later, because the cinema makes huge chunk of profit by showing its public a rich variety of advertisements. * This is understandable, but up to some extent! Five ads at the time are quite enough for most of the people, but in Dubai you get to see 35 or more various advertisements before the film starts. The inferior advertisement seller is the TV network. A TV show that is supposed to last 35 minutes, for example, consists of approximately 21 minutes advertisement and 14 minutes content. In addition, the TV ads are literary stuffed by 20 or even 25 in blocks of approximately five minutes each. For example, during â€Å"The Entrepreneur† TV show of 35 minutes, you can watch 4 or 5 times the same advertisement for Coca-Cola. This is no longer even an effective advertisement, because it doesn’t inspire you to drink Coca-Cola, but boars you. In many countries around the world, TV advertisement is regulated by law. Industry experts say that in the United Kingdom, for every one hour of TV program viewers should see 9 minutes of advertisement. In the United States, the norm is stretched to 17 minutes of ads for each hour of show or film. (London Hilton mall—- 2011 Peoples from dubai spends around 100 million pounds due to Olympics 2012 last year they are unable to get more business from the same gentry but currently they are expecting 150 million pounds business from these peoples in 2013. ) According to a survey Only one in five people, or 35 percent of UAE respondents, said luxury was â€Å"over and above what you need†, the Synovate survey of 8,000 people in 11 countries found. This attitude comes from the large number of designer shops, high-end hotels and plush shopping malls in the emirates, said Per-Henrik Karlsson, Synovate’s business development director in Dubai. â€Å"This creates aspirational behaviour among expats, tourists and locals alike. It starts even before you arrive, as the Emirates Airlines pre-landing video about Dubai is all about shopping, luxury cars and hotels,† â€Å"And once on the ground, it’s everywhere: the main highway is full of billboards advertising luxury brands. Even eating out in Dubai is part of this lifestyle, with some luxury brands operating their own food and beverage outlets in malls. The Middle East mass luxury goods sector is set to grow 10 percent a year, Bahrain’s Investcorp said earlier this year, boosted by the region’s young population and relative wealth. The survey found the UAE was also among the top locations for logo-branded goods, with 58 percent of residents saying t hey preferred to buy designer items. The other two countries were India, with 79 percent and Hong Kong with 68 percent. The country with the lowest percentage of people preferring logos was the UK with 46 percent. â€Å"Showing off logos is not seen as bad taste; whether it’s old or new money doesn’t matter nearly as much as simply having money! In fact, another newly popular trend here is buying brands that sport oversize logos, like certain shirts – the more ostentatious, the better,† Karlsson said. Another statistic to come out of the survey, published in December, was that 14 percent of people in the UAE most value the feeling â€Å"that I have something my friends and colleagues do not have†. Twenty three percent of UAE residents said they purchase luxury items â€Å"As soon as I decide I want it, I buy it† – the second highest figure behind India with 28 percent. However, consumer confidence was reported to have slipped for the first time in the UAE since March, the latest quarterly survey by Bayt. com and YouGov Siraj found. (ByElsa Baxter , Tuesday, 12 January 2010 8:03 AM , business . com ) Thus it can be concluded stating that though the addiction of shopping is seen in Dubai residents but however it is increasing the economy of Dubai as there is more consumption and every one in Dubai is buying them whether it be a person of any classified category , the biggest reason which seen and heard it that to maintain the status in society . 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Fundamental Molecular Biology Drift in Influenza Virus

Question: Discuss about the Fundamental Molecular Biology? Answer: Technology has advanced by leaps and bounds and made the great revolution in the field of biotechnology. In the present world, the DNA-based recombinant technology has gained massive popularity. With this tool scientists can make some interesting gene manipulations. The standard sequence includes gene isolation from desired source, cleaving and introducing them into the target organism's genome to transfer required characteristics. Talking about Recombinant DNA Technology (RDT) one word that none can stop recalling is the wonderful "Superbug." It was an important product of RDT to play a prominent role in bioremediation. RDT has been applied in medical field. In this paper, the author tries to emphasize the role of RDT in vaccination. The essay will take us to the details of the preparation of the DNA vaccines and how it is introduced into the host and its clinical efficacy. It will further throw light on the outcome of DNA vaccines and the research conducted in this area. A vaccine may be an antigen of bacterial or viral origin exposed to an individual to evoke an immune response of that individual by the formation of antibodies. The process of generating the systemic immune response is called as vaccination. However, the antigenic material is prepared in a manner such that it is non-toxic, but it can trigger humoral and cell-mediated immune response against the pathogen (Kowalczyk et al., 1997), figure 1. The immune system responses to proteins and peptides on the bacterial surface. Several vaccines are commercially prepared by using recombinant hosts. During preparation of vaccines only surface features of bacteria are considered (Kindt et al., 2007). DNA vaccines are the modern types of vaccines prepared by RDT. There is ongoing research on development of vector vaccines for various diseases like HIV, Malaria, etc. In these genetic vaccines, the genome of a pathogen is fragmented, and the genes encoding proteins are directly introduced into say muscle cells of the host by in vivo transfection. So that the gene can integrate into the chromosomal DNA. Inside the host, the foreign proteins are expressed. Dendritic cells also present these antigens. This triggers the production of ctyotoxic T lymphocytes which recognise peptides associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex (Kindt et al., 2007). In the case of DNA vector vaccines, genes encoding the bacterial proteins are initially introduced into non-virulent bacteria that serve as vector or carrier. The genes and the vector are cleaved by same restriction endonuclease and are ligated using DNA ligase (as shown in figure 2). The vector is introduced in the host where it replicates and expresses the gene product of the pathogen. The vectors contain an origin of replication, antibiotic resistant markers like ampicillin that helps selection of only transformed bacteria in the ampicillin containing media, a restriction site and extra non-essential DNA (Kowalczyk et al., 1997). The antibiotic resistance gene is called as selectable markers as this helps to select only those bacteria in the media that contains vector which imparts resistance property to the bacteria. The non-transformed bacteria do not grow on media due to antibiotic sensitivity. Inside the bacteria vector replicates to express the protein encoded by the pathogen . Plasmids are introduced into host by intradermal or intramuscular injection along with diluents such as saline or sucrose and sometimes gene gun method is used. Yellow fever vaccine developed can express the product of West Nile Virus. This was the first vaccine developed for horses that showed enhanced immune response. Various micro-organisms used for DNA vaccine is vaccinia virus, adenovirus, etc. (Donnelly et al., 1995). Figure 2 describes the production of recombinant vaccinia vector vaccine. When DNA vaccine containing malarial gene was administered to human subjects, there was enhanced CTL and antibody response. However the response was low as compared to that observed in mice (Sedar et al., 2013). Therefore, there is need for more research to recommend DNA vaccine finally for human use in next few years (Monath, 2005) DNA vaccines are effective as they are not denatured inside the host and seem promising to protect against several diseases. In near future DNA vaccine will move from clinical trials to effective safe human use. It's a cost-effective and straightforward process as it can be delivered easily and has no special storage requirements. It has been found effective against influenza, rabies, etc. However, there are more complications to it because the delivery of polysaccharide antigen is not as easy as that of protein antigens. Figure 1: the Overview of an immune response to DNA vaccine. (Source: Kowalczyk et al., 1997) Figure 2: Production of vaccine by vaccinia vector. (Source: Kindt et al., 2007. The desired gene is introduced into vaccinia vector. Flanked by Thymidine kinase. The recombinant virus so produced contains the genome of pathogen and promoter of a virus at the nonessential site TK site. Thus, the cells are TK- and rescued in the medium containing Budr that kills TK+ cells). References Donnelly, J. J., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., Montgomery, D. L., Shiver, J. W., Motzel, S. L., ... Liu, M. A. (1995). Preclinical efficacy of a prototype DNA vaccine: enhanced protection against antigenic drift in influenza virus. Nature medicine, 1(6), 583-587. Kindt, T. J., Goldsby, R. A., Osborne, B. A., Kuby, J. (2007). Kuby immunology. Macmillan. Kowalczyk, D. W., Ertl, H. C. J. (1999). Immune responses to DNA vaccines. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 55(5), 751-770. Monath, T. P. (2005). Yellow fever vaccine. Expert review of vaccines, 4(4), 553-574. Sedar, R. A.., Chang, L. J., Enama, M. E., Zephir, K. L., Sarwar, U. N., Gordon, I. J., Richman, A. (2013). Protection against malaria by intravenous immunization with a nonreplicating sporozite vaccine. Science, 341 (6152), 1359-1365.

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Staples and Cofer Essays

Staples and Cofer Essays Staples and Cofer Paper Staples and Cofer Paper Different Ethnicities Same Problems When Americans meet someone new they are already sticking that person into some sort of category because of their appearance. If someone looks different than Americans are use to, they automatically stick some sort of stereotype to them. Stereotypes are strongly displayed in the media; stereotype can be based of someones color, culture, religion, or sex. In Black men in public spaces by Brent Staples, and in The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the authors talk about stereotypes based on their gender and ethnicity nd the experiences they both encounter because of their ethnicity and gender which have many similarities and differences. Stereotypes can lead to hatred and discrimination against other groups. The problem with stereotyping is it is identifying an individual based on a group a person belongs to, which is not right because each individual is their own person. Stereotypes can be true, and are sometimes false that is why a person should only be Judged by who he/she is, each person is unique in his/her own way. Cofer addresses the stereotypes of Latin women, while Brent Staples points out the social views of African American men by both displaying the stereotypes stuck to them, how the grew up, and encounters with strangers to reveal the similarities and differences they face concerning ethnicity. No matter what ethnicity a person is, it seems as if everyone has to face being Judged based on his/ her ethnicity and getting some kind of stereotype stuck to them. Both Staples and Cofer had to experience being stereotyped, but the way the handle the situation had some similarities. For staples him being an African American man he had to face being Judged by many people and being seen as a criminal. He expresses the feeling of rage because he was always being perceived as a criminal. He describes how many people, no matter what color, reacted when he walks by. He even noticed people lock their car doors as he walks past them, how they cross the street to avoid him, and how some women clutch onto their purses when they walk by him. Mr. Staples understands the fear as well as the real danger that everyone faces everyday however, he still feels alienated about constantly be perceived as a criminal because he was African American and a male. Cofer also goes through life feeling alienated, he notices how she dresses is different from what Americans are used to so she gets singled out from the group and harassed. Growing up Staples had to deal with seeing gangs killing others, people getting locked away, and seeing young friends and family members being buried. Staples 61) While Cofer grew up with strict parents and constantly being told how to act and dress. (Cofer 1 54) Both Cofer and Staples had to deal with having issues to fit it. Staples was a good boy and stood out for that reason he did not participate in the violence and gangs. He knew he did not want to o down the same paths as his friends did which was odd to the people where he group up at. , while Cofer also struggled with not fitting in because she was of different ethnicity and did not dress like the others. They both had went through being Judged growing up because of them being different. Where Staples grew up it people did, and for Cofer it was odd to Americans to see her dress like people in her home country. Although both the essays are dealing with stereotypes among a certain group, Staples encounters with people are very different than Cofers. In Cofers essay, the average Latin woman has to deal with others assuming they are ome kind of sex symbol. There is no fear associated with these Latina women because they do not look intimidating but rather sexy or domestic, they are approached with sexual advances or as if they were all house keepers, maids, or waitresses. In Staples case, he was not only Judged by his intimidating appearance, but also feared by all who came across him. As opposed to Cofer, where people are approaching and harassing her. Staples is seen as a threat and is unapproachable to all who come across his large stature. Staples explains how during several instances while walking around at night he would notice how individuals changed their eactions when they saw him. Staples describes how he would hear the sound of car doors being locked when he would cross a street with cars waiting for the traffic light to change (Staples 60). Staples also explains how tense it would get when he would walk down the street at night with other pedestrians around. Although Staples was everything but a mugger, the people he came across at night from fearing him. Staples was clearly seen as some sort of predator while Cofer was seen as the prey who is constantly approached and being harassed with negative and insulting comments. She was stopped and harassed on many occasions by men singing ffensive songs to her. Staples was nothing like a criminal, what most people assumed he was, he was an educated individual who had an intimidating appearance from his height and dark skin color. Staples is mainly Judged for his larger statue, skin color, and gender which comes off to be considered dangerous to people, while Cofer is also Judge on outer appearance which comes off to be domestic or sexy. Brent Staples, because he is black is perceived as a criminal; Judith Cofer is a Latina and is mistaken for a waitress. Both individuals have numerous examples of when they have been done wrong or discriminated against. When Staples was working as a Chicago Journalist, he was rushing into the office and mistaken by the manager as a burglar or criminal. Cofer went through something similar, when she was about to do her first poetry reading, she had been mistaken for waitress by some older women. Staples and Cofer both had Justified reasons to become upset in these situations and every other situation they have encountered, but instead of becoming upset they decide to do something to correct these misconceptions. Staples always considered himself to be in the wrong in these situations, while Cofer made herself the victim. Staples accepts that people are always going to Judge him because he is a African American male, and he feels he should change himself. As Cofer sees it oppositely, she wants the people who that have these misconceptions to change their ways, not only that she wants them to realize why they should change, and to become more knowledgeable when it comes to different cultures. Both authors are different genders so very different stereotypes apply to them in a different way.. Although Cofer and Staples were both of different ethnicity and gender they both faced many of the same issues of ethnicity, though different scenarios. What was different from Staples and Cofer then other individuals knew these stereotypes were wrong so they both wanted to prove so. Both Authors had a purpose to writing these essays, Staples wanted to reveal to society how peoples perception of the Black Male is affecting them, and Cofers purpose was to address the misconception of the stereotypes of Latin women. In the end, some people may agree with Staples and Cofers purpose and feel stereotypes are wrong, but some will not and may still believe them. Stereotypes are not going away today or anytime soon but it is import that people do not add to them.

How Change Management Theories can be Utilize when Planning for Essay

How Change Management Theories can be Utilize when Planning for Incremental Change - Essay Example According to the report it is essential to know about Starbuck’s organizational structure before one can effectively examine how change management theories can be applied in the case of Starbucks when planning for an important incremental change. Since the use of a functional structure could make the company’s response to market and environmental change in a very slow phase, Starbucks is using a combined centralized and decentralized form of authority when managing organizational change.This study outlines that  Starbucks combined using centralized and decentralized form of authority in the sense that the company’s major decision-making power is highly controlled by Schultz. To ensure the quality service rendered by each of Starbuck’s baristas to its valued customers, a regional manager is usually assigned to manage the company’s store managers who are in-charge of managing the work quality and training of each Barista.  Because of the continuou s changes in the U.S. market, the CEO of Starbucks – Mr. Schultz exerted extra effort to communicate to the general public about its effort to improve its business performance particularly in the United States where the unemployment rate remains high and demand for retailed coffee is low. In order to win back the trust of its valued customers and maximize the ability of Starbucks to gain more revenues, Schuartz talks about the need to develop and implement new business strategies that could make the company optimize the use of its available resources effectively.

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY - Lab Report Example The most common cause of food poisoning is bacteria. These bacteria cause symptoms such as vomiting, stomach cramps, headache, diarrhoea, fever or a combination of the above. Some food poisoning bacteria can cause death. Under the right environmental conditions, that is, warmth, food, moisture and time, bacteria can multiply through mitosis where one can split into two in every 10-20 minutes. Bacteria grow at temperatures between 5 and 63 OC and thrives at temperatures of about 37Â °C. Dried foods have a longer shelf life because bacteria needs moisture to grow. High levels of sugar or salt and acid is unconducive for the growth of bacteria. Bacteria also prefers foods that are high in protein and moisture. These high risk foods include meat, poultry, eggs and fish. There are various types of food poisoning bacteria with each having own food sources. Salmonella is found in many types of raw meat, Listeria is found in raw poultry and other meats, Escherichia coli is found in raw meat, Clostridium perfringens is found in raw meat, vegetables, herbs and spices, while staphylococcus aureus is obtained from food handlers. (Ridgewell, 2001). In the early 1980s, the number of recorded human cases of Salmonella enterica rose to over 10,000 cases in the UK, then increased for 20 years in England and Wales to a peak of 33,000 cases in 1997 (Cogan & Humprey, 2003). From 1998, the number has been decreasing till date. However, according to (Public Health England, 2014) there was an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis that caused three deaths and an outbreak of 247 cases from 158 on 15th of August 2014. There were 99 cases in Hampshire, 39 in Cheshire, 30 in London and 54 in the West Midlands. Salmonella Enteritidis is a bacterium that causes gastrointestinal illness and is often associated with poultry and eggs. Salmonella belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae and are facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Salmonella has an incubation

Carbon Nanotubes Uses and Properties

Carbon Nanotubes Uses and Properties ABSTRACT: For the first time in the human history, we are close to being able to manipulate the basic forms of all the things, living and inanimate, take them apart and put them together in almost anyway the mind can imagine. The sophistication with which scientists are learning to engineer matter at the nanometer scale is giving us unprecedented mastery of a large part of our environment. The world of the future will be defined by how we use this mastery. Nanotechnology is engineering at the molecular (groups of atoms) level. It is the collective term for a range of technologies, techniques and processes that involve the manipulation of matter at the smallest scale(from 1 to 100 nm2). Carbon nanotubes have been under scientific investigation for more than fifteen years because of their unique properties that predestine them for many potential applications. The field of nanotechnology and nanoscience push their investigation forward to produce carbon nanotubes with suitable parameters for future applications. Carbon nanotubes are one of the most commonly mentioned building blocks of nanotechnology. With one hundred times the tensile strength of steel, thermal conductivity better than all but the purest diamond and electrical conductivity similar to copper, but with the ability to carry much higher currents, they seem to be a wonder material. Field effect transistors using carbon nanotubes came into existence, these have a extremely good properties. CARBON NANOTUBES: Evolution of Nano Importance of Nano in present day scenario Moores Law Greatness of Carbon Graphene Carbon nanotube Synthesis of CNT Properties of CNT Purification methods Real time applications GREATNESS OF CARBON: Carbon is the 4th most abundant element in the Universe by mass after( Hydrogen, Helium and Oxygen). Forms more compounds that any other element, with almost 10 million pure organic compounds. Abundance, unique diversity and unusual polymer forming ability at the temperatures makes the element the chemical basis of life. CARBON NANOTUBES: Carbon nanotubes are long, thin cylinders of carbon which were discovered in 1991 by Sumio Iijima. A sheet of graphene rolled in cylindrical structure results in Carbon nanotube of 1 atom thickness and diameter in nano scale. Nanotubes have a very broad range of electronic, thermal, and structural properties that changes due to change in length, diameter and chirality or twist. Types of Carbon Nano Tubes: Single walled: In these single walled nano tubes are narrower than the multi walled nano tubes ,the diameters typically in the range of 1-2nm ,and tend to be curved rather than straight. In these SWNT only single layer of grephene .Catalyst is required for synthesis .Bulk synthesis is difficult as it requires proper control over growth and atmospheric condition .In these SWNT Purity is poor and less accumulation in body .Characterization and evaluation is easy .It can be easily twisted and are more pliable. These tubes are used to make super strong amour bodies .These single walled nano tubes are used as elastic property and used to make bullet proof vests. Multi walled: Multi walled nano tubes consists of multiple layers of graphite rolled in on themselves to for a tube shape .There are two models which can be used to describe the structures of multi walled nano tubes .In these MWNT multiple layer of grephene and can be produced without catalyst Bulk synthesis is easy .Purity is high ,more accumulation in body .It has very complex structure .It can not be easily twisted. Synthesis: Laser ablation: A pulsed or continuous laser is used which will vaporize a graphite target in an oven at 1200c . Oven is filled with helium argon gas .In order to keep the pressure at 500 torr ,Since the optimum background gas as catalyst mixture is the same as in the arc discharge process Laser ablation method is similar to arc discharge method .This method is vey expensive so it is mainly used for SWNT’s laser vapourization results in higher yield of SWNT’s with narrow size distribution than those produced in arc discharge process .Catalyst used for SWNT is NI:Y (4.2:1 At%). Arc Discharge Method: Arc Discharge method has been reported for producing carbon nano tubes .In these method nano tubes are produced through arc vapourization of two carbon rods placed end to end with a distance of 1mm in an environment of inert gases such as helium argon at pressure b/w 50 to 100 amps driven by 20v which will create high temperature discharge b/w two electrodes ,due to this anode wil get evaporated and rod shaped tubes will be deposited on cathode.Bulk production of CNT’s depends on uniformity of plasma arc and temperature of depositon The Main principle is carbon nano fibres are good at absorbing energy so they can absorb the energy coming from the bullet .The inherent property of elasticity makes the bullet to rebound .Its is 100% stronger thean steel.Lighter than aluminium.Conduct electricity as copper .These fibres can be used as space elevators . Purification Of CNT’s: Nanotubes usually contain a large amount of impurities such as metal particles ,amorphous carbon ,and multishell .These are different steps in purification of nano tubes . Air Oxidation: The Carbon nano tubes are having less purity ,the average purity is about 5-10%.So,Purification is needed before attachment of drugs onto CNT’s .Air oxidation is useful in Reducing the amount of amorphous carbon and metal catalyst particles (Ni,Y). Acid Reflexing: Refluxing the sample in strong acid is effective in reducing the amount of metal particles and amorphous carbon ,different acids used were hydrochloric acid (HCL),nitric acid(HNO3)and sulphuric acid (H2so4)bt HCL is identified to e ideal reflexing acid . Surfactant aided sonication, filtration and annealing: After the acid reflexing ,the CNT’s were purer but ,tubes were entagled together ,trapping most of the impurities,such as carbon particles and catalyst particles ,which were difficult to remove with flitration .so,surfactant –aided sonication was carried out .sodium dodecyl benezene sulphonate (SDBS) aided sonication with ethanol or methanol ,as organic solvent were preferred cz it took the longest ime time fr CNTS to settle down ,indicating an even suspension state was achieved .The sample was then filtered with un ultra filtration unit and annealed at 1273k in N2 for 4H .Annealing is effective in optimizing the CNT structures .It was provided the surfactant –aided sonication is effective to untangle CNT’s thus to free the particulate impurities embedded in the entanglement .Nano tube can also be purified by multistep purification method . Real time applications: Carrier for drug delivery: Carbon Horns (CNHs) are the speherical aggregates of CNT’s with irregular Horn like shape .Research studies have proved CNT’s CNH’s as a potential carrier for drug delivery system . Genetic Engineering: In Genetic engineering ,CNT’s and CNH’s are used to manipulate genes and atoms in the development of bio imaging geneomas protemics and tissue engineering .The unwound DNA (single stranded )winds around SWNT by connecting its specific neucletoids and causes change in its electrostatic property .this creates its potential application diagnostics and in therapeutics Nano tubes and nanohorn’s can adehere various antigens on their surface ,hence act as source of antigen in vaccines .Hence by use of nanotubes ,use of dead bacteria as source for antigen which is sometimes dangerous can be avoided . Pseudo spark switches: These are switches which work upon principle of field emission, this emission is achieved by triggering. Generally the triggering methods are Surface discharge triggering Optical triggering Pulsed low-current glow discharge triggering But cnt’s have a good emitting properties when compared from above methods. For field emission cnt’s are used as cold cathode emitters. The field emission characteristics of cnt’s are mostly reported at high vacuum pressures of 10^-6 and 10^-7 torr. Usage of cnt’s for field emission resulted in good properties and working of pseudo spark switches in both high pressure and low pressure vacuum..